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Welcome to Poet's Letter Magazine Citicsope Be the One of 2000 Poet's Letter Subscribers To buy a copy of Poet's Letter Magazine or subscribe please come to Poet's Letter Poetry Performance and Live Music at Poetry Cafe, 22 Betterton Street (Covent Garden): Monday, Nov, 13th, 7 p.m London Strand Special Rebecca Atherton, Deputy Editor, takes a Citiscope look at London Strand Incorrectly referred to as The Strand, the official name of this well-known area is actually just Strand. Running parallel to the river Thames, it once served as the original road between the City of London and the Royal Centre of Westminster. These days, it is of far less importance, having been substantially reduced in size over the ensuing years. It can now be picked up at Trafalgar Square and followed until the boundary of the City, where it flows into Fleet Street. It’s name has distinctly Old English roots and means simply, ‘shore’ or ‘riverbank’. From the sixth to the ninth centuries it was dominated by the Saxons, after which Christianity moved in and became established. Up until the sixteenth century, the south side consisted of mainly Bishop’s palaces, stretching, in a line, all the way to Whitehall. On the north side there stood a wall, which bounded Convent, now Covent Garden. In its heyday, it boasted the finest of London’s Gentry, providing residents with exclusive water frontage onto the busy highway of the Thames and welcome freedom from the unpleasant stink and threat of constant fires from the inner city. Due to its tumultuous history, many of its original buildings have suffered, giving way, instead, to unsightly commercial structures. The likes of Top Shop, Starbucks, Superdrug and Boots dominate the busy high street, with several hotels and pubs jostling for recognition and space in between. Taxis and buses fill the roads, not just with the bulk of their physical presence but also with their pollution and noise. People crowd the pavements on either side, diving in and out of offices and shops – workers, in their brisk, distinctly London way; and tourists, at a more leisurely pace, laden with bags and cameras. Yet somehow, despite becoming a casualty of the years, it has managed to retain some pretty impressive architecture. Somerset House Positioned on the south side of the Strand, just south of Waterloo Bridge, this neoclassical building dates back to 1776 and is one of the earliest examples of Renaissance architecture in the country. Commissioned by the Duke of Somerset, it was designed as a two-storey house and arranged around a quadrangle. Much of its masonry was pulled from nearby buildings, one being St Paul’s Cathedral. Throughout its history it has had many owners. In 1952 it came into possession of the Crown serving as a Royal Palace. Elizabeth I and Mary I both lived there for a time, and the Queens of James I, Charles I and Charles II visited it often. Then came the English Civil War in 1643, and in 1649 Parliament took over. Failing to sell it on, they auctioned off its contents and passed its use over to the Army, who used it as their head quarters, with lodgings for parliamentary notables. It was here that Oliver Cromwell’s body laid in state after his death in 1658. It briefly passed back into Royal hands and underwent considerable restoration; then, in 1685, Sir Christopher Wren refurbished it again. Sadly, this newfound glory was to be short lived. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 sent it spiraling back into decline and it became a place of storage, a residence for visiting overseas dignitaries and barracks for troops, until 1775, when it was demolished. At this point, Sir William Chambers brought Thomas Telford onto the scene and together dedicated many years to its rebuilding and completion. Today, it is dedicated to the arts and learning and houses many fine art collections beneath its roof. It has also adopted a distinctly modern edge, providing film screenings, live performances and, in winter, an ice rink. See www.somerset-house.org.uk Savoy Palace The Savoy Palace, considered to be the grandest nobleman’s residence in its time, is actually no more. Destroyed in the Peasant’s Revolt of 1381, its distant memory lies hidden beneath its replacements. In its day it was home to Prince Edmund, Earl of Lancaster; his descendants, the Dukes of Lancaster, and John of Gaunt, Richard III’s uncle and the nation’s power broker. Throughout its chequered history it has served as a palace, a prison, a glassworks, a hospital and a Jesuit school. It is remembered in the names of many of the surrounding buildings and streets. The present building was completed in 1889 and serves as the headquarters of the Institution of Electrical Engineers. See. www.savoypalace.co.ukThe Savoy Theatre Founded by Richard D’Oyly Carte in 1881, the Savoy Theatre was the first amongst its kind to have electric lighting. It is also credited with having invented the queue, whereby people got their tickets on a first-come, first-served basis, as opposed to forming a disorderly crush. Destroyed by a fire in 1990, it was forced to close for several years. 1993 saw it successfully restored to its former 1929 glory, hosting performances from both the Royal Ballet and the Royal Opera. See www.savoytheatre.com The Savoy Hotel Founded by the same Richard D’Oyly Carte, The Savoy Hotel is a luxurious five-star establishment and considered one of the most prestigious in the city. Its kitchens are famous for their innovative chefs and lay claim to ownership of the Peche Melba, created in honour of Dame Nellie Melba by the, now legendary, chef Auguste Escoffier. A smoked haddock omelette is also said to have been especially created for Arnold Bennett. Most curious to note about the building is its forecourt, which is the only street in the United Kingdom where vehicles are required to drive on the right. This is reported to date back to the days when cabbies were still courteous in their ways and would reach out of the driver’s window to open the passenger’s door on completion of a journey. In its time, it has welcomed many a famous guest, amongst which are the likes of Claude Monet and James Whistler, who are said to have painted the view from their respective windows. See www.savoy-group.co.uk Australia House Officially opened in 1918 by King George V, Australia House is the first Australian diplomatic mission in London. Its stunning interior was used in the first Harry Potter film as the location of Gringott’s Bank. See www.australia.org.uk The Adelphi Theatre Founded in 1806 as Sans Pareil, without compare, The Adelphi Theatre took its present name in 1819. Rumour has it the building is frequented by a ghost, an actor, one William Terriss, who was stabbed to death by a jealous colleague. It has staged many popular productions in its time, the most recent of which are Cats, Chicago and Evita. See www.adelphitheatre.co.uk Bush House Primarily home to the BBC’s World Service Department, which occupied four out of its five wings; Bush House was commissioned, designed and originally owned by the Bush Terminal Company of New York in 1923. Its initial purpose was that of a trade centre where buyers could buy in one place, but a slump in the market forced this to be reconsidered and it was adapted for offices. It is built from Portland stone, Indian Hardwood and Travertine marble and said to have been the most expensive building in the world in its day. See www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/classic/A790058 King’s College London The largest college of the federal university of London, King’s College is one of the 20 leading universities in Europe. With over 25,000 staff and students, it is the largest centre for the education of healthcare profession in Europe and home to four medical research council centres. Named after its patron, George IV, it was intended as a more accessible alternative to the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, which only accepted the sons of the wealthy classes. See www.kcl.ac.uk The Royal Courts of Justice A large, grey stone edifice built in the Victoria Gothic style, The Royal Courts of Justice are as formal and imposing as they sound. Home to the Court of Appeal and the High Court of Justice of England and Wales, many fates have been decided within its walls. Today its courts are open to the public. The Citizens Advice Bureau, located on the ground floor, offers free legal assistance and advice for those who can’t otherwise afford it. See www.hmcourts-service.gov.uk Savoy Hospital Opened in 1512, the Savoy Hospital was founded by Henry VII and dedicated to the poor and needy. Built on the site of the former Savoy Palace, it was the most impressive hospital structure of its time and the first to benefit from permanent staff. Closing in 1702, it was later demolished. All that remains of the original site today is the hospital chapel dedicated to St John the Baptist, although it was given the name of St. Mary. See. www.british-history.ac.uk Simpson’s-in-the-Strand A typically English abode, famed for its decadent interior and exceptional menu, in particular its Scottish roast beef, Simpson’s is not simply a restaurant or a bar, more a collection of unique dining establishments and private venues. Like many of its colleagues along the Strand, it is in possession of an eclectic history. Beginning life as the Fountain Tavern, it was home to the celebrated literary association the Kit-Cat Club. Its replacement, the Grand Cigar Divan, made frequent visitors out of Charles Dickens, William Gladstone and Benjamin Disraeli. And over the years it remained a popular recreational chess venue, with almost all of the top players of the 19th century playing there at some stage. See www.fairmont.com/svy/simpsons St. Clement Danes Familiar with the nursery rhyme ‘Oranges and Lemons’? Well, these are rumoured to be the bells of St. Clement’s and they do indeed ring to that very tune. Situated outside the Royal Courts of Justice, the current building was completed in 1682 by Sir Christopher Wren. It is the fourth church to have been built on the site. The first was thought to have been built by the Danes in the ninth century. A seafaring race, they named it after St, Clement, the patron saint of mariners. It was built again by William the Conqueror, and then again in the Middle Ages. See www.st-clement-danes.co.uk St. Mary-le-Strand There is no actual record of when St. Mary le Strand was founded, but the first church stood just south of the present one, somewhere beneath Somerset House. In medieval times the site was occupied by the Strand Cross. Although its origins are unclear, it seems to date back to Norman times and was perhaps a market cross. A famous site, thirteenth century magistrates are reported to have held their assizes in front of it. In the early seventeenth century the site was occupied by a windmill. The first Hackney Carriage stand in the country was established there in 1634 by a Captain Bailey. A maypole was erected around the same time, where it remained until 1717, when it was removed to serve as the base of a telescope for Sir Isaac Newton. In 1711 an Act of Parliament was passed for the building of 50 New Churches. St. Mary le Strand applied for a grant and was awarded the money to replace the church that had previously been demolished. Designed by architect James Gibbs, the present church is of graceful baroque design and a testament to his considerable skill. In 1982, it became the official church of the Woman’s Royal Navy Service, the Women’s Royal Naval Reserve and the Association of Wrens. See www.stmarylestrand.org The Strand Magazine A monthly fiction magazine, The Strand ran from 1891 through to 1950, publishing the likes of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, A. J, Raffles, Agatha Christie and P. G. Wodehouse, amongst others. Winston Churchill is rumoured to have contributed from time to time, and Queen Victoria once submitted an illustration. In addition to its quality fiction, The Strand was also known for its fine illustrations and groundbreaking brainteasers, known as the Perplexities. Falling circulation and rising costs eventually forced it to fold, with wartime hardships being predominantly to blame. Now, nearly half a century later, it is back, although these days it has relocated to America. Since its re-launch, its pages have included work by Alexander McCall Smith, Catherine Aird, Michael Band, Peter Lovesey and H. R. F Keating. No longer quintessentially British, it still aims to run with the times, positioning itself amongst the best of the best. See www.strandmag.com Subscribe to Poet's Letter Magazine, 12 issues, for only £33.00. If you are a student with NUS membership you pay £16.50 for a year. HALF PRICE! To Subscribe
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At Glance
Poet's Letter Magazine October 2006 Print Issue Environment BP: Minimising the Damage
Geo Politics
Revisiting the Orange Revolution: Nadia Saint
London Strand Special
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